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۴ مطلب در ارديبهشت ۱۳۹۵ ثبت شده است

پنجشنبه, ۱۶ ارديبهشت ۱۳۹۵، ۰۷:۰۵ ب.ظ

کلمات مورد استفاده در رانندگی به انگلیسی

کلمات مورد استفاده در رانندگی به انگلیسی

Driving words used in English
اگر چیزهای بیشتری میدونید و نگفته ایم و یا توضیحی لازمه در کامنت بفرمایید که دیگران هم استفاده کنند
سپاس که هستید. 
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Accelerate گازدادن

Accelerator گاز

Accident تصادف

Airbag کیسه ی ایمنی (هوا)

Alley کوچه

Arterial road جاده ی اصلی

Asphalt آسفالت

Automatic transmission انتقال قدرت خودکار (دنده اتوماتیک)

Automobile خودرو (اتومبیل)

Avenueخیابان (پهن)

Backup (دنده) عقب گرفتن

Back seat صندلی عقب

Back seat driver کسی به راننده ایراد میگیرد

Barrier نرده های کنار یا میان جاده ی دوطرفه

Bicycleدوچرخه

Bike دوچرخه (یا موتورسیکلت)

Boulevard خیابان درختی

Brakesترمزها

Bridge پل

Busاتوبوس

Carواگن؛ درشکه؛ خودرو

Carpoolهمرانی؛ اشتراک نوبتی وسیله نقلیه برای مسیر واحد

Carpool laneخط ویژه ی همران ها

Carpool parkingپارکسوار؛ پارکینگ ویژه ی همران ها

Causewayگذر؛ گدار؛ پیاده روی سنگفرش

Cautionاحتیاط

Chauffeurراننده ی مستخدم

Cloverleafچهار راه بزرگراه (شبیه برگ گشنیز چهارپر)

Clutchکلاچ

Cobblestoneسنگفرش

Courtخیابان کوتاه بن بست با انتهای دایره ای

Crash برخورد؛ تصادف

Cruise controlسیستم کنترل سرعت خودکار

dead end بن بست

Curveپیچ

Dangerخطر

Dead endبن بست

Defensive drivingرانندگی با احتیاط

Dentزدگی؛ خوردگی

Detourراه انحرافی؛ مسیر جایگزین

Diamond laneخط ویژه (لوزی)

Dirt roadجاده خاکی

Do not enter signعلامت ورود ممنوع

Double parkedپارک دوبله

Driveرانندگی (کردن)

Driverراننده

Driver’s educationآموزش رانندگی

Driver’s licenseگواهینامه ی رانندگی

Drivewayورودی خودروی ساختمانها و خانه های ویلایی

۰ نظر موافقین ۰ مخالفین ۰ ۱۶ ارديبهشت ۹۵ ، ۱۹:۰۵

لیست لغات مربوط به خانواده به ترتیب حروف الفبا
Family Vocabulary Word List

Family-related vocabulary list in English
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A 
adoption به فرزندی پذیرفتن
adoptive father پدر خوانده 
adoptive mother مادر خوانده 
ancestor جد 
aunt عمه 
B
bachelor مجرد
birth mother مادر هنگام تولد 
blood relative نسبت خون 
bride عروس 
bridegroom داماد 
brother برادر 
brotherhood برادری 
brotherly برادری
brother-in-law برادر خوانده / داماد
C 
care-giver دایه
child کودک 
childhood دوران کودکی 
children کودکان 
clan قبیله 
close-knit طایفه
connection ارتباط 
cousin عمو/ عمه/ خاله/ دایی زاده ها
D 
dad پدر 
daddy بابا 
daughter دختر 
daughter-in-law دختر خوانده / زن پسر
descendant نسل 
divorce طلاق 
E 
eligible واجد شرایط 
engaged نامزد کرده
engagement تعامل 
estranged جدا 
ex سابق 
ex husband شوهرسابق 
ex wife زن سابق 
extended family خانواده گسترده 
F 
faithful وفادار 
family خانواده 
family tree شجره نامه 
father پدر 
father-in-law پدر خوانده / پدرزن / پدر شوهر
fiancee نامزد 
first born زایش شکم اول
first cousin پسر عموی اول / بزرگ / ارشد
flesh and blood گوشت و خون 
folks مردمان
foster پرورش 
foster child فرزند خوانده 
foster father پدر خوانده 
foster mother مادر رضاعی 
foster parent پدر و مادر رضاعی 
fraternal برادرانه 
friend دوست
foster child فرزند خوانده 
foster parent پدر و مادر رضاعی 

G G 
genealogy شجره نامه 
grampa پدریزرگ
gramps پدریزرگ 
grandchild نوه 
grandchildren نوه ها
granddaughter نوه دختر
grandfather پدر بزرگ 
grandma مادر بزرگ 
grandmother مادر بزرگ 
grandpa پدر بزرگ 
grandparent پدربزرگ و مادر بزرگ 
grandson نوه پسری
granny مادر بزرگ 
great-granddaughter نتیجه / بچه ی نوه
great-grandfather پدر جد
great-grandmother مادر جد
great-grandparent والدین اجدادی
great-grandson نوه بزرگ پسری
great-aunt عمه بزرگ عمه ی بابا یا مامان
great-uncle عموی بزرگ عمه ی بابا یا مامان
groom داماد 
grownup بالغ
H 
half-brother برادر ناتنی 
half-sister خواهر ناتنی
heir وارث 
heiress ارث برنده زن 
helpmate همسر 
hereditary ارثی 
heritage میراث 
history تاریخ 
home خانه 
household خانه داری
husband شوهر 
identical twin دو قلوی مشابه 
inherit به ارث برنده
inheritance ارث 
infant نوزاد 
infancy دوران نوزادی
in-law خوانده
J 
juvenile نوجوان 
K
kin خویشاوندان نزدیک 
kindred قوم و خویشی 
kinfolk ا قوام 
kinship خویشاوندی 
kith اداب معاشرت
L 
lineage اصل و نسب 
love عشق
loyalty وفاداری 

M M 
ma مامان
maiden name نام قبل از ازدواج 
mama مامان 
marriage ازدواج 
mate همسر 
maternal مادر 
matriarch مادر 
matrimony ازدواج 
minor نابالغ 
Miss خانم 
mom مادر 
mommy مادر 
monogamy تک همسری
mother مادر 
mother-in-law مادر خوانده
Mr. آقا
Mrs. خانم 
Ms. دوشیزه
N
nana نانا / مامان
natal پس از وضع حمل 
nephew برادر زاده پسر
nest لانه 
newlywed تازه ازدواج کرده 
niece برادر یا خواهر زاده دختر
nuptial عروسی 
nurture پرورش 
O 
offspring فرزندان 
orphan یتیم 
P 
pa بابا
papa پدر 
parent پدر و مادر 
partner شریک 
paternal پدری 
patriarch ایلخانی 
pop پاپا
posterity آیندگان 
progenitor پدر 
progeny فرزندان 
Q 
quadruplets چهار قلو 
quads چهار قلو 
quints پنج قلو
quintuplets پنج قلوها
R 
related مرتبط 
relations روابط 
relative نسبی 
S 
senior ارشد 
separation جدایی 
sibling خواهر و برادر
single تک 
sister خواهر 
sisterhood خواهری 
sister-in-law خواهر خوانده / عروس (همسر فرزند پسر)
sisterly خواهرانه 
son پسر 
son-in-law پسر خوانده / داماد
spouse همسر 
stepbrother نابرادری 
stepchild فرزند خوانده 
stepchildren فرزندخوانده ها
stepdad پدر خوانده
stepdaughter دختر خوانده 
stepfather ناپدری 
stepmom مادر خوانده
stepmother نامادری 
stepsister خواهر خوانده
stepson فرزند پسر خوانده 
support پشتیبانی 
surrogate mother مادر جانشین 
T
tribe قبیله 
triplets سه قلو
trust اعتماد 
trustworthy قابل اعتماد 
twin brother دو برادر دوقلو 
twin sister خواهر دوقلو
twins دوقلوها 
U 
uncle دایی عمو شوهر خاله شوهر عمه
V 
value ارزش 
W 
wed به نکاح در اوردن 
wedding عروسی 
wedlock زناشویی 
wife همسر زن
Y 
youngster نوجوان 
youth جوانان

۰ نظر موافقین ۰ مخالفین ۰ ۰۸ ارديبهشت ۹۵ ، ۲۰:۱۵

 نمونه ای از تست Reading آکادمیک در آیلتس

 IELTS Academic Reading test sample


ACADEMIC READING PRACTICE TEST 4

READING PASSAGE 1 Questions 1 - 14

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1 – 14 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

Questions 1 - 6

Reading Passage 1 has 7 paragraphs (A – G).

From the list of headings below choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs B – G.

Write the appropriate number (i – xi) in boxes 1 6 on your answer sheet.

NB There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use them all.

 

Example Answer

Paragraph A iv

i Factory Closures

ii The Human Cost

iii The Tragedy of State Mismanagement

iv A Warning to the World

v European Techniques

vi Destructive Trawling Technology

vii Lessons to be Learned

viii The Demise of the Northern Cod

ix Canadian Fishing Limits

x The Breaking of Agreements

xi Foreign Over-fishing

 

1 Paragraph B

2 Paragraph C

3 Paragraph D

4 Paragraph E

5 Paragraph F

6 Paragraph G

COD IN TROUBLE

A

In 1992, the devastating collapse of the cod stocks off the East coast of Newfoundland forced the Canadian government to take drastic measures and close the fishery. Over 40,000 people lost their jobs, communities are still struggling to recover and the marine ecosystem is still in a state of collapse. The disintegration of this vital fishery sounded a warning bell to governments around the world who were shocked that a relatively sophisticated, scientifically based fisheries management program, not unlike their own, could have gone so wrong. The Canadian government ignored warnings that their fleets were employing destructive fishing practices and refused to significantly reduce quotas citing the loss of jobs as too great a concern.

B

In the 1950s Canadian and US east coast waters provided an annual 100,000 tons in cod catches rising to 800,000 by 1970. This over fishing led to a catch of only 300,000 tons by 1975. Canada and the US reacted by passing legislation to extend their national jurisdictions over marine living resources out to 200 nautical miles and catches naturally declined to 139,000 tons in 1980. However the Canadian fishing industry took over and restarted the over fishing and catches rose again until, from 1985, it was the Canadians who were landing more than 250,000 tons of northern cod annually. This exploitation ravaged the stocks and by 1990 the catch was so low (29,000 tons) that in 1992 (121⁄2000 tons) Canada had to ban all fishing in east coast waters. In a fishery that had for over a century yielded a quarter-million ton catches, there remained a biomass of less than 1700 tons and the fisheries department also predicted that, even with an immediate recovery, stocks need at least 15 years before they would be healthy enough to withstand previous levels of fishing.

C

The devastating fishing came from massive investment poured into constructing huge “draggers”. Draggers haul enormous nets held open by a combination of huge steel plates and heavy chains and rollers that plough the ocean bottom. They drag up anything in the way, inflicting immense damage, destroying critical habitat and contributing to the destabilization of the northern cod ecosystem. The draggers targeted huge aggregations of cod while they were spawning, a time when the fish population is highly vulnerable to capture. Excessive trawling on spawning stocks became highly disruptive to the spawning process and ecosystem. In addition, the trawling activity resulted in a physical dispersion of eggs leading to a higher fertilization failure. Physical and chemical damage to larvae caused by the trawling action also reduced their chances of survival. These draggers are now banned forever from Canadian waters.

D

Canadian media often cite excessive fishing by overseas fleets, primarily driven by the capitalist ethic, as the primary cause of the fishing out of the north Atlantic cod stocks. Many nations took fish off the coast of Newfoundland and all used deep-sea trawlers, and many often blatantly exceeded established catch quotas and treaty agreements. There can be little doubt that non North American fishing was a contributing factor in the cod stock collapse, and that the capitalist dynamics that were at work in Canada were all too similar for the foreign vessels and companies. But all of the blame cannot be put there, no matter how easy it is to do, as it does not account for the management of the resources.

E

Who was to blame? As the exploitation of the Newfoundland fishery was so predominantly guided by the government, we can argue that a fishery is not a private area, as the fisher lacks management rights normally associated with property and common property. The state had appropriated the property, and made all of the management decisions. Fishermen get told who can fish, what they can fish, and essentially, what to do with the fish once it is caught. In this regard then, when a resource such as the Newfoundland fishery collapses, it is more a tragedy of government negligence than a tragedy of the general public.

F

Following the ‘92 ban on northern cod fishing and most other species, an estimated 30 thousand people that had already lost their jobs after the 1992 Northern Cod moratorium took effect, were joined by an additional 12,000 fishermen and plant workers. With more than forty thousand people out of jobs, Newfoundland became an economic disaster area, as processing plants shut down, and vessels from the smallest dory to the monster draggers were made idle or sold overseas at bargain prices. Several hundred Newfoundland communities were devastated.

G

Europeans need only look across the North Atlantic to see what could be in store for their cod fishery. In Canada they were too busy with making plans, setting expansive goals, and then allocating fish, and lots of it, instead of making sound business plans to match fishing with the limited availability of the resource. Cod populations in European waters are now so depleted that scientists have recently warned that “all fisheries in this area that target cod should be closed.” The Canadian calamity demonstrates that we now have the technological capability to find and annihilate every commercial fish stock, in any ocean and do irreparable damage to entire ecosystems in the process. In Canada’s case, a two billion dollar recovery bill may only be a part of the total long-term costs. The costs to individuals and desperate communities now deprived of meaningful and sustainable employment is staggering.

 

۰ نظر موافقین ۰ مخالفین ۰ ۰۳ ارديبهشت ۹۵ ، ۱۱:۴۶
پنجشنبه, ۲ ارديبهشت ۱۳۹۵، ۰۸:۴۱ ب.ظ

اصطلاحات مهم چت در انگلیسی

اصطلاحات مهم چت در انگلیسی
 


Chat important terms in English



disconnect = DC = قطع ارتباط با اینترنت

too = 2 = همچنین

for = 4 = برای

hug and kiss = h&k = در آغوشم می بوسمت

good luck = GL = موفق باشید


disconnect = DC = قطع ارتباط با اینترنت

too = 2 = همچنین

for = 4 = برای

hug and kiss = h&k = در آغوشم می بوسمت

good luck = GL = موفق باشید

۰ نظر موافقین ۰ مخالفین ۰ ۰۲ ارديبهشت ۹۵ ، ۲۰:۴۱